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The study found that HMOs in human breast milk is composed of five monomers: D-glucose (Glc), D-galactose (Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), L-fucose (Fuc) and sialic acid (sialic acid). SA), these five monomers combine in different proportions to make up thousands of HMOs in breast milk.
HMOs are the third largest nutrient present in breast milk and plays an important role in infant growth and development, they are second only to lactose and fat, and higher than protein (about 10g/L). More than 200 different HMOs have been identified, and each HMO may have a different function. The content of HMOs in colostrum can reach 20-25g/L, and the level of HMOS in mature milk decreases to about 10-15g/L.What we produce is Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs, 2'-Focusllactose).
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HMOs can prevent fatal streptococcal infections in infants, especially lacto-n-difucohexaose, which promotes the production of beneficial bacteria in the gut and prevents GBS infection in newborns;
They can function as anti-adhesion agents or receptor decoys to stop pathogens like viruses and bacteria from attaching to sugars on the surface of epithelial cells;
They can function as immunomodulators to change host epithelial and immune cell responses, which may have positive effects on health;
They can function as prebiotics to modify the makeup of intestinal microbiota.
Among more than 200 oligosaccharides in human milk, 2'-Fucosyllactose (2' -FL) is the most abundant in HMOs. BrightGene produce 2'-Fucosyllactose by microbial fermentation of transgenic E. Coli strains. Based on the microbial own (or simulated) metabolic mechanism, the direct biosynthesis of 2'-FL using carbon sources and enzymes, metabolic intermediates and energy in the microbial own cells, this production method is environmentally friendly, low cost and large-scale production compared with other synthesis methods (chemical synthesis, enzyme catalysis, etc.).
In 2015, 2' -FL was approved by EU as a Novel Food raw material, including as a synthetic source; In the United States, FDA has approved 2'-FL as GRAS ingredient. It is used as ingredients in first-stage infant formula (0-1 years), second-stage infant formula (6 month-1 years), special dietary infant formula, and infant formula supplements.
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